Cell-Free PURE System: Evolution and Achievements

The cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) system, as a technical core of synthetic biology, can simulate the transcription and translation process in an vitro open environment without complete living cell. It has been widely used basic applied research fields because its advanced engineering features flexibility controllability. Compared to typical crude extract-based CFPS due defined customizable components lacking protein-degrading enzymes, using recombinant elements (PURE) system draws great attention. This review first discusses elemental composition PURE system. Then, design preparation functional proteins for especially critical ribosome, were examined. Furthermore, we trace evolving development versatile areas, including prototyping, unnatural proteins, peptides complex biosensors. Finally, state-of-the-art strategy, this analyzes opportunities challenges faced by future scientific diverse applications.